Which of the following is considered a quality measure?

Quality circles are groups of employees who meet regularly to discuss and propose solutions to workplace problems, particularly relating to quality and productivity. This collaborative approach leverages the insights and experiences of various employees, fostering an environment focused on continuous improvement. The discussions typically involve identifying areas for improvement, suggesting solutions, and implementing changes that enhance product or service quality.

Engaging employees in this way not only empowers them but also encourages a culture of quality within the organization. The effectiveness of quality circles as a quality measure comes from their ability to promote teamwork, enhance communication, and generate innovative ideas to improve processes and standards. By focusing on collective problem-solving, quality circles address issues proactively and contribute to overall operational excellence.

In contrast, while on-the-job training, staff relationships, and functional relationships may have indirect impacts on quality, they do not serve as structured, systematic efforts aimed specifically at improving quality outcomes in the way quality circles do.